Journal Software Engineering Applications †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Journal Of Software Engineering Applications? Answer: Introducation Task quality administration is the utilization of abilities, apparatuses, strategies and information to guarantee that an undertaking is finished and fruitful (Munier, 2013). A task is fundamentally a legally binding task that is given to a gathering of colleagues to be finished inside a specific timeframe. In an undertaking, there are sure explicit normal limitations that face venture colleague which are: the task scope, venture timeframe, the spending plan and the assets to be utilized to finish the task. This implies for an undertaking the board to be fruitful, the task supervisors or colleagues need to accomplish the targets set (produce the normal item or administration as far as quality, amount, physical appearances and so on.) inside the requirements (Basu, 2016). In this way, for that to be conceivable, venture quality administration must be utilized to manage the task exercises and individuals. Task Quality administration can be supposed to be the way toward controlling, arr anging, coordinating and sorting out all the exercises that are legitimately liable for creating and improving the undertaking quality or rather the nature of the ventures final product (Kerzner, 2013). Undertaking quality administration includes activities that progress in the direction of guaranteeing that the task will fulfill the normal needs. This tasks may incorporate recognizing and altering exercises like: the board exercises, destinations, quality arrangements, jobs and obligations (Levin, 2014). The task administrator, entrepreneurs and partners should guarantee that these exercises are guided and actualized towards improving the venture quality just as that of the final product or item. In a task the board procedure, there are four significant parts which are: quality arranging, quality affirmation, quality control and quality improvement (Tinnaluri, 2016). These four parts are to be utilized by the undertaking chiefs by planning them with different exercises being done by the task colleagues to guarantee venture fulfillment and achievement. Undertaking quality administration likewise alludes to guaranteeing that all exercises that are being directed by the venture colleagues are finished by the principles and guidelines and towards the shared objective and target. Hence, the venture supervisors ought to guarantee that the colleagues have solid aptitudes, specialized information and capacity and are extraordinary specialists at their field of activities (Liberatore et al, 2013). This will surely guarantee that the venture quality is of no inquiry. Be that as it may, for such a coordination to be reasonable, the undertaking chiefs ought to create and execute a qualit y administration plan which is fundamentally a timetable or a framework of what prerequisites are required and pertinent for the accomplishment of the quality gauges. This implies the entrepreneurs and partners need to distinguish the quality guidelines while the task administrators and colleagues decide the strategies, methodology and techniques for accomplishing those gauges. For worldwide task groups, the undertaking quality administration plan can be a troublesome procedure to create and actualize. This is basically in light of the fact that the colleagues, partners and entrepreneurs are in fact in various pieces of the world. Worldwide groups implies that the colleagues have a shared objective and goal toward the finish of the undertaking, yet are set in various nations or mainlands on the planet. In such a situation, there are a lot of contrasts between the individuals which makes any venture the executives plan conceivable or simple to execute. Notwithstanding, with a concurred venture the executives plan before the undertaking starts, a worldwide task group can accomplish the quality administration of a venture just as that of the item itself. Segments Of Project Quality Management As referenced before, quality administration ordinarily includes four segments. These parts are equipped for dealing with a venture quality or rather they are utilized to decide the nature of any undertaking. For a worldwide venture group to be effective in any undertaking, these parts must be distinguished and strategies created and executed to accomplish them. Coming up next are the segments: Quality Planning Quality is a trademark or highlight of something. Venture quality arranging is the ID and assurance of the quality principles that are pertinent to an undertaking. Likewise, it includes the distinguishing proof and advancement of the methodology, procedures and strategies that can be actualized to accomplish those quality norms. In this stage, the task objectives and targets are set, venture expectations or prerequisites recorded, strategies and techniques distinguished and jobs and obligations separated among the colleagues. This is one of the most significant periods of an undertaking the board plan. By directing this stage, the undertaking colleagues will be progressing in the direction of accomplishing a shared objective. Thusly, this segment ought to be conveyed successfully to the partners and entrepreneurs just in light of the fact that they are the ones to decide the venture quality at long last. Notwithstanding that, their interest is required and essential to guarantee that all the venture necessities are recorded before it starts. Quality Assurance This stage includes the investigation and assessment of the task execution much of the time to decide if the undertaking will live up to its desires or not. In any case, this parts includes the fulfillment of the task quality norms as it were. This stage is utilized to follow the undertakings movement to verify that it is progressing nicely, for example towards accomplishing the quality guidelines of the client. At the end of the day, quality affirmation is utilized to recognize the task disappointment, error or issues and decide the restorative measure to be taken (Nicholas et al, 2017). To add to that, quality affirmation guarantees that the remedial estimates fall towards accomplishing the quality measures for the task. In this manner, quality affirmation can be supposed to be a venture procedure that helps in the improvement of the exercises and procedures directed during a task execution to guarantee that the quality principles of the undertaking are met. Quality Control This is a part that is engaged with a ventures last stages, generally after an undertaking is finished. It examines and directs venture audits with a point of guaranteeing its prosperity. At the end of the day, quality control includes checking the task exercises, strategies and timetable to guarantee that they conform to the quality norms set to be accomplished. Notwithstanding that, this stage recognizes potential issues (comparable to quality control or quality arrangement) and gadgets answers for the issues. Be that as it may, if the arrangements neglect to fulfill the normal guidelines, different options are utilized until the quality measures of the venture just as the final result are met. In a general sense, the quality control stage guarantees the disposal of unsuitable task execution, in respect with quality. Quality Improvement When all is said in done terms, quality improvement includes discovering new or better ways and strategies to make the nature of an item or administration better. Task quality improvement incorporates acquainting better assets with complete an undertaking. This implies includes better qualifies, talented and proficient colleagues in the venture (Schwalbe, 2015). Likewise, it includes including solid specialists into the undertaking. This stage guarantees that the undertaking colleagues have the stuff to deliver the normal nature of task. During this stage, the undertaking chiefs and clients are required to interface with other venture supervisors with a point of picking up whatever can improve the nature of the task in any capacity. Be that as it may, this will restrict the individuals included distinctly to quality related data. As per Simona et al, 2011, this is a segment that is key in a worldwide task individuals since they are completely required to take an interest and offer an y data or information that can improve the nature of an undertaking. Then again, it very well may be a helpful angle in light of the fact that in a worldwide group, various individuals with various perspectives and information on quality are included. For a worldwide group to accomplish venture quality administration, they should cooperate in making a viable and proficient quality administration intend to use during the task execution. This just implies the entrepreneurs, partner, venture administrators and the other undertaking colleagues need to depend on one another for data and backing. Besides, they all need to give up the contrasts between them to accomplish the normal quality guidelines of the undertaking. Notwithstanding, they need to need to guarantee that all the segments recorded above are distinguished and systems for their accomplishment decided (Alami, 2016). There are difficulties that face worldwide task colleagues that ought to likewise be distinguished. Difficulties Facing Global Project Team Members Social Differences In a worldwide venture, the administration of any undertaking turns into a troublesome errand for the task directors in light of the social contrasts among the individuals. Because of these distinctions, there are extra difficulties, for example with correspondence. The various perspectives and practices brought about by social contrasts increment the chance of issues emerging during the undertaking executing. Besides, the social assorted varieties expands the conceivable outcomes of task disappointment which is brought about by the disappointment of the colleagues to adjust to the way of life or conduct that is intended to finish the venture effectively (Alami, 2016). All things considered, the venture quality administration plan creation turns into a test for the entire group too. If there should be an occurrence of an IT anticipate, the social contrasts may include tasks like various methods of taking care of and utilizing innovation to deliver an item. In this manner, for worldwide groups, viable and proficient innovation should b

CIPD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CIPD - Essay Example Ooredoo has over 2.5 million buyers in these districts (Ooredoo Qatar, n.d). The present Revenue of the organization is $ 9.3 billion, with resources of over $ 25 billion. The net benefit of the organization for the most recent year was $ 800 million. Why Ooredoo needs to change The cutting edge business world is a profoundly serious world and it additionally expects organizations to adjust to the business condition and because of this explanation, just those associations can endure which can continue the extraordinary rivalry. Ooredoo falls in a similar classification and because of this explanation there are a few variables which it needs to perceive: †¢ Competition:Ooredoo needs to confront an extreme rivalry from organizations like Emirates Telecommunication Corporation, Orascom Telecom Holding S.A. E and Saudi Telecom Company. The organization just arrangements in versatile, web and corporate oversaw administrations, in the interim Ooredoo’s contenders have propelled advanced satellite TV benefits for instance EVision by Emirates Telecommunications and inVision by Saudi Telecom Company(Hoovers, n.d.). Every one of these organizations alongside Ooredoo serve Middle East specifically. Also, the majority of the clients favor purchasing administrations from one organization and the buyer chooses less expensive organization. †¢ Transformation in organization’s policy:Ooredoo own witribe, an organization that gives remote internet providers to individuals in Pakistan, in the interim, its rival Orascom gives internet providers in Pakistan, yet it likewise own versatile systems.

Finding Non-Fiction Reads on Twitter

Finding Non-Fiction Reads on Twitter Remember way back in the day when Twitter first became a thing, and everyone was convinced that this was the end of literacy? What is the world coming to? How can anyone say anything intelligent in 140 characters? And so on. The laments were great in number. Of course, the dire prophecies didnt come true. Twitter has problems (cough harrassment cough), but hurting literacy isnt one of them. Ironically, scrolling through an endless stream of tweets has made me read more, not less. Ive never been fond of non-fiction theres no dragons! but being on Twitter has made me finally give non-fiction a try. What usually happens: Im jumping around on Twitter, reading about politics and succulents, when I end up on someones profile. Theyre funny, theyre insightful, and oh hey, they wrote a book! Neat. First came Bad Feminist by Roxane Gay (@rgay). Her tweets are half slice-of-life and half heartbreaking reflection. Her book contains a series of essays that examine feminism through a real world lens. Ill deny it if you ask me in person, but I may have cried a few times reading her writing the social media and book kind. Then I started following Luvvie Ajayi (@Luvvie) for her Game of Thrones summaries. I gave up watching Game of Thrones ages ago, but Im still invested, so Luvvies laugh-out-loud summaries kept me in the know. Naturally, I had to give her book Im Judging You: The Do-Better Manual a try. It was the perfect dose of advice, pop culture commentary, and sharp analysis of race representation. When the election revved up earlier in the year, I got into the habit of scouring Twitter for political insights on the whole mess. In retrospect, maybe I should have gone outside and found a dog to pet. Somehow, after long nights of clicking around, I ended up reading Sady Doyles (@sadydoyle) pointed destruction of sexist nonsense. Thats how I ended up picking up Sady Doyles book Trainwreck: The Women We Love to Hate, Mock, and Fear and Why. After a rec from my sister, I started following St. Louis writer Sarah Kendzior (@sarahkendzior), just in time to read her clear-eyed but incredibly grim analysis of the election. Buckling down to read her essays in The View From Flyover Country is high on my priority list. And now that the election is over, Im stocking up on funny reads as well. During the presidential debates, I lived for Alexandra Petris (@petridishes) livetweets and satiric debate recaps. Im planning on grabbing A Field Guide to Awkward Silences the first chance I get. I need the laughs. We all do. Ill be the first to admit that Im terrible at reading non-fiction. I get antsy, even when Im reading something incredible, and I start thinking about dinner. But it all works out great. When I get restless, I just keep reading on Twitter. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Holly Fashion - 2683 Words

cASE 6 HOLLY FASHIONS RAT I O A N A LYSI S Billion-dollal a pparel c ompanies s uch a s C alvin K lein a nd L iz C laiborne a re unusual i n t he g arment i ndustry, w hich c onsists p rimarily o f m uch s malier apparel m akers. O ne s uch f irm i s H olly F ashions ( HF), l ocated i n C herry F lill, New J eriey. H F w as s tarted 1 4 y ears a go b y W illiam H amilton a nd J ohn W hite, who b etween t hem h ad o ver 2 5:yearso f e xperiencew ith a m ajor g arment m anufacturer. A nd t he p artnership i nitially b lended v ery w ell. H amilton, r eserved and i ntrospective, i s e xtremely c reative w ith a r eal f lair f or m erchandising a nd trend s potting. M ainly a s a r esult o f h is g enius, t he H F l abel i s s†¦show more content†¦WORKING CAPITAL CONCERNS Hamilton s uspectst hat F {Fsi nventory i s excessive a nd t hat capital i s u nnecessarily t ied u p i n i nventory. \ n/hites p osition i s t hat a l arge i nventory i s n ecessary t o p rovide s peedy d elivery t o c ustomers.H e a rgues t hat our c ustomers expect q uick s ervice a nd a l arge i nventory h elps u s t o p rovide i t. Hamilton is skeptical of this argument and wonders if there isnt a mole efficient w ay o f p roviding q uicker s ewice. H e k nows t hat a c onsultant r ecommended t hat H I very s eriously c onsiderb uilding a s tate-of-the-artd istribution center. T he p roposed f acility w ould a liow F {F t o r educe i nventory a ld a lso handle big orders from retailers such as Kmart and Wal-Mart. VVhite rejected the suggestion a rguing t hat t he e sttnated $ S-million t o $ 8-mi11ion ost i s e xcessive. c Hamiiton a lso q uestions \ / hites c redit s tandards a nd c ollection p rocedures. Hamilton t hinks t hat \ / hiteShow MoreRelatedHolly Fashion2692 Words   |  11 PagescASE 6 HOLLY FASHIONS RAT I O A N A LYSI S Billion-dollal a pparel c ompanies s uch a s C alvin K lein a nd L iz C laiborne a re unusual i n t he g arment i ndustry, w hich c onsists p rimarily o f m uch s malier apparel m akers. O ne s uch f irm i s H olly F ashions ( HF), l ocated i n C herry F lill, New J eriey. H F w as s tarted 1 4 y ears a go b y W illiam H amilton a nd J ohn W hite, who b etween t hem h ad o ver 2 5:yearso f e xperiencew ith a m ajor g arment m anufacturer. A nd t he p artnershipRead More American Pie Essay4608 Words   |  19 Pagesand use them for inspiration which also shows that the music of our past still has an effect on the music of any time period. The fact that McLean’s idol was Buddy Holly, and the song has many similar qualities, adds to the meaning of the song. Even though it was written over ten years after Holly died, â€Å"American Pie† is a tribute to Holly and a depiction of how the world changed after his death. When you first listen and read the lyrics, â€Å"American Pie† appears to be about a person reflecting backRead More The Cycle of Fashion Essay1844 Words   |  8 PagesThe Cycle of Fashion Fashion is fuelled by conversion. Designers continually persuade the public that their new ideas, however shocking they may seem, are in fact everything that a stylish wardrobe requires. Next season, the same designers convince everyone to give up their allegiance to such out-modish designs and embrace instead the innovative visual trends of the latest collections. The same garments are successively dubbed outlandish, in fashion and out-dated according to the apparentRead MoreThe Negative Effects of the Fashion Industry on Eating Disorders1290 Words   |  6 PagesENG 150 18 October 2012 The Negative Effects of the Fashion Industry on Eating Disorders While it’s fashion week in London, the size â€Å"zero† models start to prepare for the big show by purging to be as thin as possible. Most models starve themselves in order to achieve the â€Å"waif†, stick-thin figure; it becomes so addictive, almost like second nature that it further leads to serious eating disorders. From recent studies, today’s model weighs about 23% less than the normal woman. Clearly, mostRead MoreWomen And Hepburn : The Character Of Audrey Hepburn828 Words   |  4 Pagesand dress today. For starters, the actress who played the main character, Holly Golightly, was Audrey Hepburn, she played the part perfectly. This helped change fashion and behavior because Audrey Hepburn was idolized by so many young girls even today. Moreover, this movie’s fashion choices showed that no matter who you are you can dress like a million dollars without name brands, with the help of accessories. Finally, Holly Golightly acted differently than almost all women in the 1960’s. She showedRead MoreFirst Few Years Of Marriage Essay855 Words   |  4 Pagesto work part-time and focus on raising their baby. They had Holly one year after their marriage, Abby started to focus her attention on Holly. Abby still made time to work on photography the first few years of Holly’s childhood, however, as Holly got older Abby started to put less time on photography. At first, Adam and Abby’s marriage was perfect, the communicated well and supported on another. There were a few small fights, but as Holly got older and Abby realized that she was not making time toRead MoreTheoretical Assumptions : An Essential Literacy Skill1276 Words   |  6 Pagesability. As is the case with reading ability, spelling ability can be classified into stages or levels. And in most cases students will progress through these levels in a predictable and interrelated fashion. As students begin to read more fluently, their writing becomes more fluent. Holly is an example where this is not the case. She is a proficient and fluent reader. She is not a fluent writer. Still, she is developing as a writer and, more specifically, a speller. Spelling is stillRead MoreThe Film Production Of The Movie Production Industry1141 Words   |  5 Pagesaround Holly Golightly, a New York socialite who lives an extremely facetious, high class, and carefree lifestyle. She wears the newest and trendiest fashion finds from Givenchy and Tiffany’s and spends her life going on extravagant dates with filthy rich men. She is a woman of absolutely zero commitment, often escorting the wealthy men without returning their affection.When Paul Varjak, a writer who is supported by a rich older woman named â€Å"2E†, moves into the same apartment complex as Holly, herRead MorePestel Analysis3439 Words   |  14 Pageswill leverage Holly Heels extensive knowledge of the women s retail shoe industry to quickly gain market share. Profitability will be reached by month ten and $284,000 will be generated in revenue in year three. Situation Analysis 2.0 Situation Analysis Passion Soles is entering their first year of operation. A comprehensive marketing plan is required to reach profitability and ensure future success. Passion Soles offers an unprecedented selection of current women s fashions. 2.1 MarketRead MoreThe Depiction of Women in Literary Texts1346 Words   |  5 Pagesfamily and inferior to men, which most often is the definition of femininity. However, in the text She written by H. Rider Haggard and well-known The Arabian Nights oral folk tales translated by Husain Haddawy, women are portrayed in a different fashion. The text She by H. Haggard portrays a woman who has lived for millennia and rules a tribe deep in Africa with terror brought by the power she acquired from the â€Å"Spirit of the Globe† (Haggard 257). The Arabian Nights features a woman that uses her

Fast Food Cause Obesity Essay - 1217 Words

Fast Food Cause Obesity There has been a rise in obesity in this country for the last forty years. Many scientists and doctors have begun to question whether there is any relationship between fast food and obesity. According to the available information the number of fast food restaurants has doubled since 1970s. (Currie, J et al 2009).Currie J et al (2009) observe that the rise in the obesity cases in the last one decade has been directly related to the rise in the number of people choosing fast food as their main menu. Fast food has been described as food which is prepared in hurry for people who have little time during meal times. These foods are very popular with the students and working people since they do not have enough time to†¦show more content†¦The study found out that the rate of overweight and obesity among these children was five percent higher among those whose schools were near fast food outlets compared to those students who were attending schools in areas which were father away f rom the outlets which sell this type of food (Rabin, R 2009) Research has found that those families which choose the fast food as their main meal for more than three times in one week are at a very high risk of developing obesity. In medical terms obesity has been described as a public health concern which is putting many people at risk of developing complications which may lead to early death. A person who has a body mass index of more than thirty is described as obese while those who are above twenty five but less that thirty are classified as overweight. In America two adults in every three is classified as overweight whereas one third of the people are described as obese. These are high figures given the fact that obesity leads to serious health problems such as high blood pressure and diabetes. The fast foods are rich in energy giving foods making them higher culprit for weight gain among those who consume this type of food. They are added excess sugars and fats to make them enticing to the consumers, these two nutrients have higher rate of calories compared to other type of food. The fact that they are sweetened and enticed with sugar and fats makes the consumer to eat in large quantities to stratifyShow MoreRelatedFast Food Causes Obesity1026 Words   |  5 Pageshope that someone will buy, refurbish, and return them to active cruising. * Each year the CDC conducts about two passengers and that calls on U.S. ports. The inspectors look for potentially hazardous conditions, such as improperly stored food, poor food preparation and display procedures, and the like. The CDC gives each ship a score (85 below out of 100 is considered failing) and publishes the results via print circulars and on its Web site. A cruiseline whose ship fails an inspection is givenRead MoreFast-Food Advertising Causes Obesity Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pagesyouth or children who eat from fast food restaurants have a big risk for becoming overweight. Some research shows that greater familiarity with fast food advertising on television is associated with obesity in young people (Pediatric Academic Societies parag.1). It is known that these children and adolescents are being extremely exposed to fast food advertising including the internet, social media, and particularly on television. The marketer and owners of these fast food restaurants use many techniquesRead MoreFast Food Restaurant s Cause Obesity1259 Words   |  6 PagesToday two thirds of adults and nearly one third of children struggle with overweight and obesity. Most people in today’s society think that fast food restaurant s cause obesity, but they most likely do not. It is a person’s choice of what they put in their body. Even though thousands of fast food restaurants have to follow certain pricing standards, their cheap food is usually unhealthy and their expensive food is usually healthy, the amount of individual responsibility depends on whether you keepRead MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity985 Words   |  4 Pages Obesity is one of the major health epidemic that human being struggle to deal with it. Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessively high body fat in relation to lean body mass. In the last 20 years, people started complaining that fast food is the main cause of rising obesity. However, a lot of research prove s that fast food is not the source of obesity. The rising obesity problem cannot be blamed on the fast food industry; there are several other factors leads to obesity. Read MoreObesity : Obesity And Obesity986 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is one of the major health epidemics that human being struggle to deal with it. Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessively high body fat in relation to lean body mass. In the last 20 years, people started complaining that fast food is the main cause of rising obesity. However, a lot of research proves that fast food is not the source of obesity. The rising obesity problem cannot be blamed on the fast food industry; there are several other factors leads to obesity. OverRead MoreFast Food Restaurants Are Being Blamed For Obesity Essay1133 Words   |  5 Pagesbibliography for research on how fast food restaurants are being blamed for obesity. I am researching the significance of fast food chains being blamed for obesity rates rising, when we, in fact should be looking at the individual responsible. Rice, S., McAllister, E. J., and Dhurandhar, N. V. Fast Food: Friendly? International Journal of Obesity (2007): pp. 884-86. Academic Search Premier. Web. In this article published by the International Journal of Obesity, S. Rice, Department ofRead MoreObesity Is A Major Problem1234 Words   |  5 Pagesfour decades, the rate of obesity in America has been on the increasing end; two out of three Americans are either obese or overweight. The obesity epidemic has become a major problem in the United States which caused many serious effects on individual and society. It is an indiscriminate problem that negatively affect everyone from adults to children; which is a significant threat to the health of humanity that needs to be eliminated. First, we need to know what obesity is. According to OxfordRead MoreFast Food And The Obesity Epidemic933 Words   |  4 PagesFast –food Industries are to be Blame for Obesity Visualize the world somewhere a school-age child can step out of his school and walk into a McDonalds. Fast-food causes an array of problems in your body. The food is often high in sugar, fat, and calories while providing very few nutrients. The obesity epidemic Americans face today is a growing problem that affects more than half of the population with growing body sizes and serious medical problems associated with obesity. It is a problem thatRead MoreThe Problem Of Child Obesity1454 Words   |  6 PagesFrom 2013 to today the problem of child obesity is becoming a major concern in the world. Children today face many problems that may cause them to become obese. Child Obesity is becoming a major issue in the 21st century because of circumstances like marketing strategies, fast food restaurants, and parental influence. To begin with, marketing strategies, including the location of the advertisement of unhealthy foods, the advertisement may affect the child’s food decision. For example, schools can allowRead MoreEssay about Fast Food is Destroying America1477 Words   |  6 PagesWe provide food that customers love, day after day after day. People just want more of it† (Ray Kroc, Founder of McDonald’s). Coronary Artery Disease is a type of heart disease and the most common cause of heart attacks. Plaque from eating unhealthy foods, builds up in the arteries, the arteries harden and begin to become narrow and can cause chest pain and heart attacks. â€Å"Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on

Spiritual Teachers Free Essays

Great Spiritual Masters and Teachers Written by Devon Love Sections on Babaji, How To Pick   Or Not Pick) A Spiritual Teacher, and Conclusion written by Christine Breese, D. D. Ph. We will write a custom essay sample on Spiritual Teachers or any similar topic only for you Order Now D. Introduction Throughout time, many spiritual masters have offered teachings in service to humanity. Many who have been inclined toward self realization have, through a wide variety of different paths, reached this goal and gone on   to teach others. This process remains a mystery to and yet many people at some point in their lives begin to question who they are and seek out teachings to help them answer this question. There  are  multitudes  of   different  ways  that  spiritual  information  is  passed  on  and  shared  with  others. In  this  course  we  will  explore  the   many  different  categories  of  spiritual  masters  and  teachers  throughout  recorded  history. Review Of Literature (Exam  questions  are  not  drawn  from  the  Review  Of  Literature  section. )   Tao  Te  Ching  (1963)  translated  by  D. C. Lau  from  Lao  Tsu’s  original  words  is  a  translation  of  the  Chinese   classic. The   Tao   Te   Ching   rings   clearly   through   the   ages   as   a   Great   Pearl   of   timeless   Wisdom. All   serious   metaphysicians   should   study   this   work,   and   meditate   on   its   teachings. Like   all   great   spiritual   texts,   the   Tao   Te   Ching,  when  deeply  contemplated,  reveals  the  true  nature  of  the  universe. Peace   Is   Every   Step:   The   Path   Of   Mindfulness   In   Everyday   Life   (1991)   by   Thich   Nhat   Hahn   is   a   wonderful   book. Thich  Nhat  Hahn  is  a  Zen  Buddhist  monk  whose  teachings  come  straight  from  the  heart. Those  who  have   discovered   his   work   have   likely   been   transformed   by   it. His   words   are   filled   with   compassion,   humility,   and   purity. In  Peace  Is  Every  Step,  Te  (teacher)  as  his  students  refer  to  him,  teaches  of  awakening  to  the  joy  of  now,  the   loving  presence  of  life. He  speaks  of  finding  joy  and  peace  wherever  one  is,  in  looking  at  flowers,  at  the  blue  sky, or  into  the  eyes  of  a  child. Thich  Nhat  Hahn’s  teachings  apply  to  everyone,  and  this  simple  book  is  an  excellent   introduction  to  his  work. The   Miracle   Of   Mindfulnes   (1975)   by   Thich   Nhat   Hahn   is   another   beautiful   gem   arising   from   the   consciousness   of   Te,   this   is   a   Zen   masterpiece,   reminding   us   in   simple,   economical,   and   flowing   words   of   the   wisdom  of  being  present  to  life. Using  anecdotes  from  his  life,  Te  tells  us  to  wake  up  and  consciously  experience   each  moment  as  the  precious  gift  that  it  is. From  washing  dishes  to  drinking  a  cup  of  tea,  he  encourages  us  to  be   fully   present,   awake,   and   aware,   to   be   fully   in   our   bodies,   and   experiencing   the   actual   physical   sensations   of   breathing  and  movement  in  these  acts,  this  being  the  key  to  fully  realizing  ourselves. The  Heart  Of  Buddha? s  Teachings:Transforming,  Suffering  Into  Peace,  Joy,  And  Liberation  (1998),  by  Thich  Naht   Hahn,   presents   the   teachings   of   Buddha   in   a   simple   and   lovely   way. His   understanding   and   interpretation   of   these  teachings  is  flawless. He  speaks  of  his  own  relationship  with  suffering,  and  how  he  merged  with  Buddha   through  this. He  goes  to  the  heart  of  Buddha’s  teachings  on  suffering  and  non? suffering,  misery  and  happiness,   and   how   these   each   exist   only   with   the   presence   of   the   other. From   chapter   1:   Buddha   was   not   a   god. He   was   a   human  being  like  you  and  me,  and  he  suffered  just  as  we  do. If  we  go  to  the  Buddha  with  our  hearts  open,  he  will  look  at  us,   his   eyes   filled   with   compassion,   and   say,   â€Å"Because   there   is   suffering   in   your   heart,   it   is   possible   for   you   to   enter   my   heart. †¦If   you   have   experienced   hunger,   you   know   that   h aving   food   is   a   miracle. If  you  have  suffered  from  the  cold,  you   know   the   preciousness   of   warmth. When   you   have   suffered,   you   know   how   to   appreciate   the   elements   of   paradise   that  are   present. If  you  dwell  only  in  your  suffering,  you  will  miss  paradise. Don? t  ignore  your  suffering,  but  don? t  forget  to  enjoy   the  wonders  of  life,  for  your  sake  and  for  the  benefit  of  many  beings. The  Art  Of  Happiness:  A  Handbook  For  Living  (1998)  by  His  Holiness  the  Dalai Lama  with  Howard  C. Cutler   M. D. s   a   collaboration   between   H. H. the   Dalai   Lama,   the   spiritual   leader   of   Tibet,   and   Dr. Cutler,   a   psychiatrist. These  two  people  broke  the  barriers  between  spiri tuality  and  psychology  in  order  to  help  people  realize  happiness. The  perspective  in  the  book  alternates  between  the  understanding  of  a  Western  psychiatrist,  and  the  understanding   of  a  Tibetan  spiritual  leader,  through  a  conversation  in  which  each  attempts  to  understand  the  other. The  outcome  is   a  rich  dialogue  of  great  importance,  which  explores  questions  such  as†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Is  happiness  truly  possible?   and†¦Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"How   is  it  that  we  find  happiness? †Ã‚  If  you  are  seeking  happiness,  this  book  is  recommended. Ethics  For  The  New  Millennium  (1999)  by  His  Holiness  The  Dalai  Lama  is  a  book  dedicated  toward  the  task   of  right  living. An  excerpt  from  chapter  1  reads  as  follows:   We  have,  in  my  view,  created  a  society  in  which  people  find   it  harder  and  harder  to  show  one  another  basic  affection. In  place  of  the  sense  of  community  and  belonging,  which  we  find   Great  Spiritual  Masters  Ã‚  Teachers  Ã‚ ©2005  University  Of  Metaphysical  Sciences   1 uch  a  reassuring  feature  of  less  wealthy  (and  generally  rural)  societies,  we  find  a  high  a  degree  of  loneliness  and  alienation. Despite  the  fact  that  millions  live  in  close  proximity  to  one  another,  it  seems  that  many  people,  especially  among  the  old,  have   no  one  to  talk  to  but  their  pets. Modern  industrial  society  often  strikes  me  as  being  like  a  huge  self? propelled  machine. Instead   of  human  beingsà ‚  in  charge,  each  individual  is  a  tiny,  insignificant  component  with  no  choice  but  to  move  when  the  machine   moves. Around  this  observation,  H. H. the  Dalai  Lama  offers  a  cure  for  what  ails  us. This  is  an  excellent  book,  and   a  great  follow? up  to  The  Art  Of  Happiness. Rumi  as  translated  by  Coleman  Barks  in  The  Essential  Rumi  (2001)  is  an  exquisite  translation  to  read. Here we  find  the  poetry  of  Rumi,  and  if  you  have  not  experienced  his  work,  there  is  nothing  to  do  but  drink  from  the   fountain:  Ã‚   The  Many  Wines   God  has  given  us  a  dark  wine  so  potent  that,  drinking  it,  we  leave  the  two  worlds. God  has  put  into  the  form  of  hashish  a  power  to  deliver  the  taster  from  self? consciousness. God  has  made  sleep  so  that  it  erases  every  thought. God  made  Manjun  love  Layla  so  much  that  just  her  dog  would  cause  confusion  in  him. There  are  thousands  of  wines  that  can  take  over  our  minds. Don? t  think  all  ecstasies  are  the  same! Jesus  was  lost  in  his  love  for  God. His  donkey  was  drunk  with  barley. Drink  from  the  presence  of  saints,  not  from  those  other  jars. Every  object,  every  being,  is  a  jar  full  of  joy? from  The  Essential  Rumi   Guru  For  The  Aquarian  Age:  The  Life  And  Teachings  Of  Guru  Nanak  (1996)  by  Steve  Gilbar  and  Partnatma   Singh   talks   about   a   particular   guru   named   Nanak. From   the   introduction   by   Yogi   Bajan:   Guru   Nanak   served   humanity  by  openly  teaching  this  technique  of  awareness  in  order  to  bring  men  out  from  the  pit  of  hell  into  which  they  had   been  dragged  by  the  blind,  ritualistic,  self? centered,  spiritual  egoists  of  that  dark  age. He  gave  men  freedom  of  the  spirit  and   took  away  the  domination  of  these  Ã¢â‚¬Å"middlemen. †Ã‚  Humanity  had  committed  the  error  time  and  time  again  of  worshiping  the   man   rather   than   the   truth   he   represents. Guru   Nanak   taught   that   it   is   God   who   prevails   through   demand   and   the   man? owever   great   he   may   be? is   only   the   channel,   the   instrument   for   the   flow   of   Divine   Wisdom. Men   are   meant   to   praise   God,   and   to   teach   others   to   do   so,   not   to   become   objects   of   worship   themselves. Thus,   Guru   Nanak   reestablished   righteousness  and  the  path  to  glory  in  his  own  time. He  made  mankind  understand  the  basic  law  of  life:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nanak  nam  Chardi   kala,  tere  bhane  sarbat  ka  bhala,†Ã‚  keep  up  and  wish  good  to  all. Isis  Unveiled:  Secrets  Of  The  Ancient  Wisdom  Traditions,  Madame  Blavatsky? s  First  Work,  A  New  Abridgment   For   Today   (1997)   by   Helena   P. Blavatsky,   abridged   by   Michael   Gomes   is   a   classic. Helena   Blavatsky   was   a   spiritual  adventurer  and  metaphysician  who  founded  the  Theosophical  Society,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A  world  organization  dedicated  to   fellowship   among   all   peoples   and   encouragement   of   the   study   of   religion,   philosophy,   and   science. † In   this   voluminous   book,  Blavatsky  endeavors  to  reveal  the  truth  underlying  the  ancient  mystery  teachings  found  in  many  cultures. Though   the   original   is   difficult   to   read,   the   abridged   edition   is   much   more   accessible. If   one   is   serious   about   metaphysics,  theosophy,  Egyptology,  and  mystery  school  teachings,  this  is  a  must  read. Hildegard   Von   Bingen’s   Mystical   Visions:   Translated   From   Scivias   (1995)   translated   by   Bruce   Hozeski   is   all   about  Hildegard  Von  Bingen,  an  eleventh  century  mystical  visionary  who  had  begun  to  have  visions  and  speak   prophecy   by   the   age   of   15. She   was   a   writer   and   an   accomplished   musician,   and   everything   she   wrote   and   composed  seemed  divinely  inspired. This  book  is  a  translation  from  her  work  entitled  Scivias,  which  means  Know   The   Path. It   is   a   collection   of   her   visions   and   the   prophecy   brought   forth   in   them. There   are   26   visions,   and   Hozeski  breaks  each  one  up  into  sections  and  discusses  and  interprets  the  rich  symbolism  contained  within. This   is  a  profound  look  into  the  visions  of  a  great  mystic. In   Tales   of   Hasidim:   Book   One,   The   Early   Masters   (1991)   by   Martin   Buber,   translated   by   Olga   Marx,   the   author   tells   the   stories   of   the   early   leaders   of   this   religion. The   brilliant   Jewish   philosopher   and   scholar/practitioner   of   the   Hasidic   faith,   comments   on   the   philosophy   of   Hasidic   Judaism. His   writing   on   The   Baal   Shem   Tov   were   used   in   the   research   for   this   course. Martin   Buber? s   body   of   work   has   been   profoundly   influential  in  its  focus  on  the  value  of  human  relationships  and  conscious  interaction  with  life. His  philosophical   views  are  beautifully  expressed  in  the  now  classic  I  And  Thou  (1970). If  you  are  interested  in  learning  more  about   Hasidism  or  human  relationships,  these  works  are  invaluable  to  your  studies. Why   The   Baal   Shem   Tov  Laughed:  52  Stories  About  Our  Great  Chasidic  Rabbis  (1993)  by  Sterna  Citron  is  an   informative  piece  of  literature  on  Hasidic  Judaism. From  the  back  cover:  In  the  year  5487,  a  brilliant  source  of  light illuminated  the  dark  skies  of  European  Jewry. Yisroel  Baal  Shem  Tov  breathed  life  and  joy  into  a  population  oppressed  by  a   Great  Spiritual  Masters  Ã‚  Teachers  Ã‚ ©2005  University  Of  Metaphysical  Sciences   2 hostile  environment  and  depressed  by  disillusionment†¦Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"These  Hasidic  stories  are  not  only  heartwarming  and  encouraging   but  also  a  source  of  our  own  character  building. While  reaching  the  goals  of  the  saintly  individuals  may  be  unrealistic,  the   principles   they   established   and   manifested   in   their   lives   should   serve   as   guidelines   for   us. Even   the   fact   that   we   cannot   achieve  their  greatness  should  not  deter  us  from  at  least  trying  to  emulate  them. †? from  Dr. Abraham  J. Twerski   A  Simple  Path  (1995)  by  Mother  Theresa  and  compiled  by  Lucinda  Vardey  chronicles  the  works  of  Mother   Theresa,  her  unfailing  dedication  to  serving  those  in  need,  and  the  formation  of  her  powerful  and  compassionate   organization,   The   Missionaries   Of   Charity. The   story   of   Mother   Theresa   and   her   works   is   an   inspiration   to   all. This  is  highly  recommended  reading. From  the  back  cover:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There  is  something  else  to  remember? that  this  kind  of   love  begins  at  home. We  cannot  give  to  the  outside  what  we  don? t  have  on  the  inside. This  is  very  important. If  I  can’t  see   God? s   love   in   my   brother   and   sister   then   how   can   I   see   that   love   in   somebody   else? How   can   I   give   it   to   somebody   else? Everybody  has  got  some  good. Some  hide  it,  some  neglect  it,  but  it  is  there.   ? Mother  Theresa  Ã‚   The   Philosophy   Of   Freedom:   The   Basis   For   A   Modern   World   Conception   (1916)   was   translated   by   Michael   Wilson   and   is   an   early   work   of   philosophy   by   Rudolph   Steiner. Steiner   was   a   19th? century   philosopher,   spiritualist   and   clairvoyant   who   created   a   spiritual? philosophical   cosmology   that   he   called   anthroposophy. He   was   a   student   of   mystery   teachings,   and   was   involved   for   years   with   the   Theosophical   society,   as   well   as   the   Rosicrucians. The   Philosophy   Of   Freedom   was   his   defining   work   outlining   his   cosmological   view. From   the   back cover:  Are  we  free,  whether  we  know  it  or  not? Or  is  our  sense  of  freedom  merely  an  illusion? Rudolph  Steiner  tackles  this   age? old  problem  in  a  new  way. He  says  that  by  taking  account  of  our  own  activity  of  thinking,  we  can  know  the  reasons  for   our  actions. And  if  these  reasons  are  taken  from  our  world  of  the  ideals,  then  our  actions  are  free,  because  we  alone  determine   them. But   this   freedom   cannot   be   settled   for   us   by   philosophical   argument. It   is   not   simply   granted   to   us. If   we   want   to   become  free,  we  have  to  strive  by  our  own  inner  activity  to  overcome  our  unconscious  urges  and  habits  of  thought. In  order   to  do  this  we  must  reach  a  point  of  view  that  recognizes  no  limits  to  knowledge,  sees  through  all  illusions,  and  opens  the  door   to  an  experience  of  the  reality  of  the  spiritual  world. Then  we  can  achieve  the  highest  level  of  evolution. We  can  recognize   ourselves  as  free  spirit. ?Michael  Wilson  Ã‚   Gurdjieff:  The  Key  Concepts  (2003)  by  Sophia  Wellbeloved  is  a  thorough  investigation  of  Gurdjieff’s  legacy   of  work. From  the  back  cover:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sophia  Wellbeloved  has  provided  here  a  tool  for  delving  beneath  Gurdjieff’s  veil  of  words,   for  both  a  specialized  and  general  public†¦Ã‚  this  is  a  work  that  honors  Gurdjieff’s  gift  to  the  moral  and  spiritual  welfare  of   mankind. †Ã‚  ? Paul  Beekman  Taylor. â€Å"This  unique  book  offers  clear  definitions  of  Gurdjieff’s  teaching  terms,  placing  him   within  the  political,  geographical,  and  cultural  context  of  his  time. Selected  entries  look  at  diverse  aspects  of  his  work. †Ã‚   Teachings   Of   The   Hindu   Mystic   (2001)   by   Andrew   Harvey   is   a   compilation   of   writings   from   the   Hindu   mystical   tradition. Andrew   Harvey   is   a   world? renowned   author,   lecturer,   and   teacher   of   the   world? s   spiritual   traditions. He  has  spent  many  years  studying  Hinduism,  Buddhism  and  Christianity. Included  are  works  from   the  Bhagavad? Gita,  the  Upanishads,  teachings  from  Ramakrishna  and  Ramana  Maharishi,  as  well  as  devotional   poetry   from   Mirabai,   Ramprasad,   and   others. This   is   a   great   introduction   to   Hindu   mystic   teachings,   with   its   beautiful  way  of  expression  through  lyrical  verse. Brother   Francis:   An   Anthology   Of   Writings   By   And   About   St. Francis   Of How to cite Spiritual Teachers, Essay examples

Julius Caesar- Shakespeare Essay Essay Example

Julius Caesar- Shakespeare Essay Paper Julius Caesar, a Roman tragedy was written by William Shakespeare in 1599. It was one of the earliest of Shakespeares three Roman history plays. The play is based in real events the assassination of Julius Caesar, the Roman dictator on 15th March 44BC. Although Julius Caesar is set in Rome over 2000 years ago it explore themes that have a contemporary relevance to the Elizabethans. Julius Caesar is murdered and has left no heir or successor. Queen Elizabeth of the Shakespeare time also did not leave an heir to the throne, which caused a lot of confusion for the Elizabethans. The Elizabethans appreciated the play as it was covering the same situation they were in. Four hundred years before the play was written, the last king of Rome had been removed as he had proved to be like those before him. The Monarchy was replaced by the republic and the Senate took charge. This shows how easy it is to get dispose of rulers who become to powerful and tyrannical. Brutus and Mark Antony are the primary sources of the plays plot. The play is tightly constructed. It establishes the dramatic problem of alarm of Julius Caesars ambition to become king or dictator. We will write a custom essay sample on Julius Caesar- Shakespeare Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Julius Caesar- Shakespeare Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Julius Caesar- Shakespeare Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the very first scene Caesar has become so powerful and liked by the Senate and the people of Rome that it is likely he will be declared king. The Republicans however do not like this idea of him becoming king, as their republic, a system of government with a careful balance of power may be at threat; so a group of conspirators (Cassius, Casca, Trebonia, Caisus Ligarius, Decius Brutus, Metlus Cimber, Cinna and Caesars great friend Brutus). The two characters Brutus and Mark Antony (who was not part of the conspiracy) both speak at Caesars funeral. Each had his own reason and purpose for doing so. Both speeches had their own addressing the crowd as well as differing styles. Therefore, differing effects on the crowd as a result of their differing styles and techniques. Brutus was first to speak. If the play was staged he and the conspirators would approach the stand with their hands dripping in Caesars blood, creating a victorious effect. Brutus approaches the crowd by stating his reasons for killing Caesar. He explains to the crowd that Caesar was removed due to his ambition and that if he were to become king, Rome would be destroyed. Brutus speaks in prose (lower class language) so that he is able to speak and communicate with the crowd properly. He begins his speech with Romans, countrymen, and lovers; this shows he loved Rome more and addressed them a Romans first because it was more important to him, it shows he is patriotic. His reason for killing Caesar was not because he did not love him, but because he lived Rome more. He says: Brutus rose against Caesar, that is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more (Act 3 scene 2 lines 21-22) This quote basically proves and summarises Brutus point to his speech. His speech was very formal, and it seems that all of his sentences were balanced. Although Brutus did a very good job in explaining to the crowd that murdering Caesar was for the good of Rome, he still hadnt won them over. Brutus explained that he loved Caesar and cared for him but his death was for the good of Rome. As Caesar loved me, I weep for him Brutus explains here that he still cared for him and he also claimed that Caesar was not good for Rome because he was ambitious. Brutus came into a confused and curios crowd. After he explained himself and his purpose, the people were reluctant to believe him, however they were convinced for only a short time. Mark Antony makes a speech after Brutus. He has a difficult task of speaking to a hostile crowd outside the Roman Parliament where Caesar was stabbed to death. Anatonys speeches are very different from Brutus and are far more subtle than Brutus. They were full of clever techniques to manipulate the audience. Brutus spoke to the crowds about honour, patriotism and history. Antonys speeches were more emotional and by being emotional it manages to be more powerful and have a greater impact on the crowd. Julius Caesar and Antony were very close friends; and were always seen together. At the Feast of Luperculia Caesar and told Antony to touch Calpurnia during the race and Antony replied I shall remember: when Caesar says, do this, it is performd. This shows that Antony has great love for Caesar and Caesar also trusts Antony. Antony is much angered at Caesars death but skilfully hides his true feelings from the conspirators. When he was with Brutus and the conspirators he said he is does not doubt them and believes their reason for killing Caesar and he also shakes hands with each one of the conspirators. Antony vows to make the conspirators pay for the death of Caesar and plans to cause havoc and chaos and will not stop until the conspirators are killed and Caesar death is fully avenged. Domestic fury and fierce civil strife shall cumber all the parts of Italy (Act 3 scene 2, lines 263-264) Caesars death is then followed by a time of confusion and bloodshed as the Republicans and Antonys supporters struggle for power. There are many questions that can be asked: what is best for ordinary people? Who will be the next heir, as Caesar has not left one? The audience of Shakespeares time would be asking themselves these same questions as Queen Elizabeth I was coming to the end of her reign. There was an argument about who the successor would be, as she had no children. It was the same with Julius Caesar. Who would be the heir Mark Antony or Brutus? Antony uses his opportunity to make as speech at Caesars funeral to manipulate the crowds way of thinking. He enters the scene with Caesars body, creating a dramatic effect. He starts his speech with friends, Roman, countrymen because he wants to come to them as a friend rather than a ruler trying to gain power and by doing this he puts them at ease. He speaks in blank verse and tries to flatter the crowd. He then continues by saying that he has come to bury Caesar and not to praise him so he can ease in praises of Caesar without the crowd stopping him. It also grabs the attention of the crowd who thought he would praise Caesar and not speak ill of Brutus. He starts off by saying negative things about Caesar but slowly and skilfully begins to talk about his positive side more. The noble Brutus hath told you Caesar was ambitious . For Brutus is an honourable man. Antony sound very sincere when he says this. He repeats this statement three more times which becomes increasingly sarcastic, he finishes with, yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and sure he was an honourable man. Since people were persuaded by Brutus speech, Antony could not insult Brutus honesty. Antony says, I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke, but that is exactly what he does. Antony uses emotional words and many dramatic devises to win over the crowds. He pretends that he is no good at public speaking. This creates sympathy for him, as the crowd will think it was hard for him to speak to them. For I have neither wit, nor words, nor worth. Action, nor utterance, nor the power of speech (Act 3 scene 2, line 118-119) As a condition for doing the speech, he is not allowed to blame the conspirators; Antony gets round this by subtly changing meanings of words such as honourable. Honourable is a very strong word and it is Brutus best quality. Antony degrades this word by making a point that Caesar was not ambitious and then adds that Brutus was a honourable man. This effect creates doubt in the audiences mind. He uses techniques like sarcasm. Antony talks about Caesar very passionately to give the impression that Caesar is a hero and causes the crowd to think about how they lost such a great man. He hath brought many captives home to Rome, Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill. Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? (Act 3 scene 3, lines86-88) This quote tells us the audience that Caesar brought captives and money, which he gave to the public funds. Caesar wanted nothing but the best for the people of Rome. Antony wants to show that Caesar was not ambitious by providing four reasons as evidence. These are: * He brought many prisoners whose ransoms filled the treasury. This makes the audience realise that what ever Caesar done was for Rome * When the poor cried Caesar wept in sympathy. This shows that Caesar was concerned about the citizens and the welfare of Rome, it also shows that Caesar was emotionally weak, but ambition should be made of sterner stuff. * When Caesar denied the crown three times. I f Caesar wanted to be come king and if he was ambitious, why didnt he take the crown at the feast? The will Caesar left for the people. If Caesar was ambitious and greedy why did he leave the people of Rome 75 Drachmas and his private walks? Antony deals wit Caesars worst point, his desire to become king of Rome by making you believe he denied the crown three times at the feast of Lupercal because he had no desire to become king. The use of Caesars will as a stage prop arouses a lot of attention from the crowd. He tells the crowd about it but then deliberately changes to another point. By using this delaying tactic he keeps the crowds attention. He continuously prolongs them and builds up a climax. He also asks the crowds permission to read the will You compel me then to read the will? - This technique makes the crowds think that he is a helpless man and he has no power over anything. It makes the crowds believe they are telling him what to do. After mentioning the will he tells the crowd to gather round Caesars body. He uses Caesars body as a tool of manipulation. This creates a very dramatic effect as the crowd see what the mighty Caesar has been reduced to. Antony continuously uses repetition and questions Brutus honour. He uses many dramatic devices, which Brutus doesnt use. By the end of his speeches the crowd are against Brutus. This shows that the crowds are not strong in their convictions and Antony is able to fickle the crowds easily. Antony uses a dramatic effect on the people, first by entering the stage with the body if Caesar and then at the end stating his heart is still with the body of Caesar, ending his speech weeping. The effect of Antony showing the crowds Caesars cloak, full of knife gnashes, is very dramatic and emotional. He talks of blood to move the citizens to pity and anger. He describes the killing as brutal and unforgivable. He is able to get the people to question the killing of Caesar. The crowd begin to doubt Brutus. If you have tears, prepare to shed them now (Act 3 scene 2, line 167) Antony tells them they will be overcome with emotion. By mentioning the bloody cloak he makes it more visual and brutal. He mentions the cloak deliberately and tells us about the first time he wore the cloak, when he defeated the Nervii, as Caesar was known for his skill at war. He reminded them what Caesar had done for them. Antony opens the appeal for sympathy by using emotive words and exaggeration, which make you feel sorry for him. He tells the crowd about the first time Caesar wore the garment in which he defeated the Nervii, but then dramatically starts telling the audience about the rips in the torn and bloody piece of cloth. That day he overcame the Nervii. Look in this place ran Cassius dagger through (Act 3 scene 2, lines 171-172) Antony continuously uses emotive language and devices to steer the crowds. While speaking he stops and says: Bear with me. My heart is still in the coffin there with Caesar (Act 3 scene 2, lines 103-104) This shows how distraught he is that he has to stop before continuing. This gives time for the crowd to stop and observe his behaviour. The crowd begin to question themselves and are deeply affected by his emotion; and when people are emotional they cannot think rational. Antony pretends to know who made which wound and pretends to recall each little detail, which causes the audience to become angry and pitiful. He makes it up in order to make it seem more barbaric. Look, in this place ran Cassius dagger through: See what a rent the envious Casca made (Act 3 scene 2, lines 172-174) Antony gives a very detailed account of when Brutus stabbed Caesar. The image of blood stir the crowds up and it makes you think about inhumane way Caesar was killed. He gives a detailed account of when Caesar stabbed him so the crowds realise what a traitor he was and how he rose against his friend because of jealousy. Mark how the blood of Caesar followd it, As running out of doors, to e resolvd If Brutus so unkindly knockd or no (Act 3 scene 2, line 176-178) At this point the crowd is so emotional that Antony no linger needs to use the word honourable after criticizing Brutus. Antony also says in his speech: For Brutus, as you know, was Caesars angel. He says this to show that Caesar loved him greatly and trusted him. He was betrayed by his best friend, Brutus; He was a traitor. Traitor is a very strong word. The Elizabethans believed that if someone was put in power, God put them there and no one could remove them. If you tried to remove them you were classified as a traitor, which was the worst thing for them. All of these tricks used by Antony were successful and were able to steer the crowds to think that Brutus and the conspirators were nothing but brutal murderers and they killed Caesar due to jealousy. After showing the crowd Caesars cloak, Antony removes it showing the disfigured corpse of Caesar. The crowds horror and anger reaches its highest climax and the crowd want revenge Antony again pretends to know who made which stab in Caesars body. He talks about blood, which again causes the crowd to become emotional and pitiful. O woeful day! O traitors! Villains (Lines 198-199) This quote shows that Antony was successful in his aims. He has the crowd so wound up and fumed with anger they will do what Antony could not do. Antony uses words such as Good friend, sweet friends to make the crowd feel at ease and make them trusted. He tells them he is a friend and means no harm. Antony is easily able to fickle the crowd as they are not strong in there convictions. Antony is able to prove to the audience that the conspirators are not honourable, but were heartless butchers. They who have done this deed are honourable. (Line 209) He also exaggerates and lies in his speeches. He says I have neither wit, nor words, or worth. These are used to create sympathy for himself. Antony has these qualities and proves it by using them. But were I Brutus And Brutus Antony, there were an Antony Would ruffle up your spirits. (Lines 223-225) Here Antony tries to say that Brutus would cause a riot and tell them lies, but he has done this himself. This also shows how hypocritical Antony is and the amount of lies he tells to sway the crowds to believe him. The use of rhetorical devises and persuasive language in Antonys speeches create great emphasis on the innocence of Caesar. The repetition of the word ambitious keeps the reader wondering if Antony is correct, that Caesar was murdered for no reason except treason. Brutus speech involved taking a defensive approach, leaving people to their own conclusions. However, Antony takes a prosecuting approach against Brutus, so sneaky that you dont even notice it. Antonys examples give him an advantage over Brutus because he backs up his statements with examples while Brutus leaves his statements open-ended. The people find it easier to accept Antony, an emotional and sincere speaker, than Brutus who appears to be arrogant and forceful. Antony talks about Brutus first and slowly talks about how bad he is while he is doing this he starts talking about the noble Caesar. He uses many positive adjectives such as Mighty Caesar, Great Caesar, and Noble Caesar. He fits them into sentences unnoticeably. Antony has got what he wanted; he has succeeded in his plan to manipulate the crowd. Now let it work. Mischief, thou art afoot, Take thou what course thou wilt! How now fellow (Lines 258-259) Antony does not care of the plebs. All he cares about is his success and his ability to avenge Caesars death. The crowds will burn down houses and kill people but he is not worried about that. Antony proves he has been successful when the crowds disperse to look for the conspirators; they come across a poet called Cinna. They kill him just because he bears the name Cinna even though he has no contact with any of the conspirators. These shows how powerfully manipulating his speeches were. The crowds become brutal and blinded by this manipulation. Revenge! About! Seek! Burn! Fire! Kill! Slay! Let not a traitor live. (Lines 202-203) Antony was successful in his aims to manipulate the crowds after the murder of Caesar. He had a hard task of making a speech to an unruly crowd who had been turned against Caesar by Brutus. He easily changed their way of thinking and succeeded in his plan. I have found that Brutus was honourable but was blinded by his love for Rome and was also easily persuaded by Cassius and the conspirators. He did not think of the consequences and though that the people of Rome would see through his eyes and believe that this was his true reason for killing Caesar. However, Antony was very manipulative and persuasive in changing thee views of the crowd easily. His repetition, positive adjectives, rhetorical questions, sarcasm and pauses all combined to have a very great impact on his speeches, which influenced the crowds. There is a contemporary relevance of Antonys speeches to how modern politicians influence people to vote for them. Modern politicians promise to do the best for the people i. e. improve healthcare, schooling etc and also promise to right the mistakes of the past leaders. They use persuasive language and say the benefits the people will receive if they will cast their vote towards them. Antony used this technique and told the people of Rome what they had inherited from Caesar, but did they receive anything what Antony told them?

The eNotes Blog 5 Things to Avoid While TeachingShakespeare

5 Things to Avoid While TeachingShakespeare Introducing Shakespeare to high school students is daunting. Getting them to care about Shakespeare is even more intimidating. Though we often have the best intentions, many of us fall into the following teaching traps when we turn to the Bard. Im certainly guilty of doing this, and Ive tried to make up for these transgressions by doing things a little differently. Lets look at these five (extremely common) things  to  avoid  doing while teaching Shakespeare to high school students as well as how Ive tried doing things instead.   1. Force Students to Read the Play Aloud as if They Were Actors The theater lover in me opens Shakespeare and wants my  students to experience the magic firsthand. Have students  read it aloud; have them perform it! They will make  it their own and fall in love with the characters the way I did in the theater.This seems like such a good idea. But, its actually an easy way to make your students cringe at the mention of Shakespeares name and fake sore throats to get out of reading.What I love about seeing Shakespeare performed in a theater is how well the actors  perform  the  lines and make them easy to understand using the right inflection. Students approaching the material for the first time have a hard enough time working through what the text is saying, let alone performing in a way that  is entertaining and  meaningful to everyone else in the room. (Not to mention it generally embarrasses the more introverted students and makes them feel quite negatively towards the play.) Instead, I try  to  let professionals, like Branagh, take the stage: Find a recording of the play and have students follow along while the tape reads. Youll be surprised to find how much better the students are able to understand the language  in the play when it is performed properly. Stop the tape frequently to discuss the metaphors and ask them questions about the text. If you want students to perform the lines, assign them a particular scene to learn and memorize. This will help them fully understand how the language works  and  make the material their own. Win win! 2. Consider  (or call)  Shakespeares Language  Old English All of my students start off calling Shakespeare Old English because it seems so alien to them. However, Old English is actually an entirely different language. Beowulf  was written in Old English. It looks like this: HWÆT, WE GAR-DEna in geardagum, à ¾eodcyninga à ¾rym gefrunon, hu à °a à ¦Ãƒ ¾elingas ellen fremedon! Shakespeare is written in  Early Modern English. Arbitrary, technical, and unnecessary distinction, you might say? Think again! Telling your students that Shakespeare is not Old English but  Modern  English can help make the text more accessible. He does  use some archaic puns, metaphors, and vocabulary, but what students are calling old is his syntax and poetic phrasing, not so much his language. They dont have to learn a whole different language to understand the play- they just have to figure out how  he plays with the language they already speak (which is so much easier!). I  try to dust off the old language with the following: Do a lesson on iambic pentameter and poetic phrasing (Shakespeares weird syntax). If students know why the language sounds so strange, they will feel more competent  approaching  it, instead of dismissing it as something old that they dont think they can  understand. Analyze  something like hip-hop or lyric syntax to help students understand how Shakespeare played with the language. In other words, people in Shakespeares time didnt necessarily talk like this, but they  understood his language  the way we understand songs today. For a fun way to help them play with Shakespeares syntax and form, have students try to write a Shakespearian sonnet in iambic pentameter. Proposing they write about particularly absurd topics (Sonnet to a Squirrel) makes this exercise informative and entertaining. 3. Read the Play  for Its Plot The  best  part of a Shakespeare play in the theater is watching the characters and plot unfold on the stage. But whats even better is being able to break down all of the metaphors, irony, allusions, and off-the-wall metaphors. And there is no better place to do that than an English classroom! While spoilers  for  Game of Thrones may be blasphemy, spoilers in Shakespeare allow students to get into the really fun bits of these plays. Shakespeare borrowed most of his plots from historical events, mythology, or other playwrights. The fun of Early Modern Drama was not what was depicted, but  how  it was depicted. I try  to  indulge in spoilers: Encourage students to look up a synopsis of the play online before reading it as a class. Create a plot outline and post it somewhere in the classroom (or online) so that students know exactly what they are reading about when they get lost in the language. Spend class time focusing on the specific metaphors, irony, characters, etc. This  will help students remember the play and its themes long after the class is over. 4. Treat Shakespeare Like the Almighty Bard and Master  of the English Language This one was really hard for me to accept. As an English teacher, theater lover, and metaphor enthusiast, Shakespeare  is  the almighty master of the English language.  However, my tendency to nerd out over Shakespeares brilliance before my students even got to the text tended to make them less open to reading (or loving)  it. Why? Because Shakespeare already comes with a lot of baggage. Chances are, your students have associations that align Shakespeare with high-class, complicated, and unquestionably brilliant literature. When in reality, Shakespeare was the low, popular entertainment of his time. Shakespearian theater was performed outside the city walls near bear-baiting pits and whore houses. Treating Shakespeare texts like they contain all of lifes answers will dissuade students from engaging in, questioning, and appreciating the text for what it is. Shakespeare is full of body humor, insults, innuendos, and, yes, flaws. If you introduce Shakespeare as undeniably great, your students will miss all of this (or worse, think they cant talk about it). I try  to put Shakespeare back in the bear pit: Introduce Shakespeare in his Early Modern context. Bring in modern  books, short stories, or play adaptations by authors with ethnically diverse backgrounds to show students how authors have taken up the same themes as Shakespeare (many even doing it better). Fun Fact: The Bodleian Library (one of the most famous libraries and the site where  they filmed Harry Potters library scenes) originally  rejected  Shakespeares plays. Sir Thomas Bodley claimed that he had built the library as an ark to save learning from the deluge and had to keep out  very unworthy matters such as Shakespeares plays. 5. Lecture About What the Play  Meant to Say Many of Shakespeares plays are extremely controversial (see  The Merchant of Venice) or extremely cryptic (see  King Lear). When I first started teaching, I thought offering a resolution to these problems would help students better understand and connect to the story. It did not. Resolving textual problems only solidified the idea that the text was perfect rather than helping the student learn. Grappling with these controversies and inconsistencies can be one of the most rewarding and empowering exercises a student can do in an English class. I tried to get cozy with ambiguity: Hold a classroom discussion or debate about what is going on in the text and why. Rather than offering solutions, ask students  a lot of questions and never resolve the problems.  The question is often better than the answer anyway. Even if you avoid all of the donts and do all of the dos, some students will never get happy feet when you pull out a Shakespeare play. But, if you give the students the space to engage with  the plays, they will  leave the class with something even more valuable: critical eyes and confidence. Ultimately, the best thing you can do to teach Shakespeare is to make it fun for your students and yourself. Who knows, you might even  create another anglophile.

Robert E Lees Civil War Battles

Robert E Lee's Civil War Battles Robert E. Lee was the commander of the Army of Northern Virginia from 1862 to the Civil Wars end. In this role, he was arguably the most significant general of the Civil War. His ability to gain the most from his commanders and men allowed the Confederacy to maintain its defiance of the north against increasing odds. Lee was the principal commander in several Civil War battles. Battle of Cheat Mountain, September 12-15, 1861 This was the first battle where General Lee led Confederate troops in the Civil War, serving under Brigadier General Albert Rust. He fought against Brigadier General Joseph Reynolds entrenchments at the top of Cheat Mountain in western Virginia. Federal resistance was fierce, and Lee eventually called off the attack. He was recalled to Richmond on October 30, achieving few results in western Virginia. This was a Union victory. Battles of Seven Days, June 25-July 1, 1862 On June 1, 1862, Lee was given command of the Army of Northern Virginia. Between  June 25th to July 1st, 1862, he led his troops into seven battles, collectively called the Battles of Seven Days.   Oak Grove: The Union army attacked in a swampy area. When darkness descended, the Union army retreated. The results of this battle were inconclusive.Beaver Dam Creek or Mechanicsville: Robert E. Lee pushed against General McClellans right flank. The Union army was able to hold back the attackers with heavy casualties. However, the arrival of Stonewall Jacksons troops meant that the Union position was pushed back. Nonetheless, this was a Union victory.  Gaines  Mill: Lee led his troops against a fortified Union position north of the Chickahominy River. The Confederates were eventually able to push the Union soldiers back across the river, resulting in a Confederate victory.  Garnetts and Goldings Farms: Confederate Major General John B. Magruder under Lees command fought against the Union line that was stationed south of the Chickahominy River while Lee was fighting at Gaines Mill. The results of this fighting were inconclusive.  Savages Station and Allens Farm: Both these bat tles occurred on June 29, 1862, the fourth day of fighting during the Seven Days Battles. The Union was  retreating after deciding not to advance on Richmond. Robert E. Lee sent his forces after the Union troops,  and they met in battle. However, the results of both of these battles were inconclusive. Glendale/White Oak Swamp: These two battles occurred as the Union troops were retreating. Stonewall Jacksons troops were kept tied up in the battle at White Oak Swamp, while the rest of the army tried to stop the retreat at Glendale. In the end, the battle was inconclusive.  Malvern Hill: The Confederates under Lee tried unsuccessfully to attack the Unions fortified position on top of Malvern Hill. Confederate losses were high.  McClellan withdrew to the James River, ending the Peninsula Campaign. This was a Union victory. Second Battle of Bull Run, Manassas, August 25-27, 1862 The most decisive battle of the Northern Virginia Campaign, troops led by Lee, Jackson, and Longstreet were able to score a huge win for the Confederacy.   Battle of  South Mountain, September 14, 1862 This battle occurred as part of the Maryland Campaign. The Union army was able to take over Lees position on South Mountain. However, McClellan failed to pursue Lees devastated army on the 15th, which meant Lee had time to regroup at Sharpsburg.   Battle of Antietam, September 16-18, 1862 McClellan finally met with Lees troops on the 16th. The bloodiest day of battle during the Civil War occurred on September 17th. The Federal troops had a huge advantage in numbers, but  Lee continued to fight with all his forces. He was able to hold off the federal advance while his troops retreated across the Potomac to Virginia. The results were inconclusive, though strategically important for the Union army.   Battle of  Fredericksburg, December 11-15, 1862 Union Major General Ambrose Burnside tried to take Fredericksburg. The Confederates occupied the surrounding heights. They repelled numerous attacks. Burnside decided in the end to retreat. This was a Confederate victory.   Battle of Chancellorsville, April 30-May 6, 1863 Considered by many to be Lees greatest victory, he marched his troops to meet the federal troops who were trying to advance on the Confederate position. The Union force led by Major General Joseph Hooker decided to form a defense at Chancellorsville. Stonewall Jackson led his troops against the exposed Federal left flank, decisively crushing the enemy. In the end, the Union line broke and they retreated. Lee lost one of his most able generals when Jackson was killed by friendly fire. This was a Confederate victory. Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863 In the Battle of Gettysburg, Lee attempted a full assault against the Union forces led by Major General George Meade. Fighting was fierce on both sides. However, the Union army was able to repulse the Confederates. This was a key Union victory. Battle of the Wilderness, May 5, 1864 The Battle of the Wilderness was the first of  General Ulysses S. Grants offensive into Northern Virginia during the Overland Campaign. Fighting was fierce,  but the results were inconclusive. Grant, however, did not retreat.   Battle of Spotsylvania Courthouse, May 8-21, 1864 Grant and Meade tried to continue their march to Richmond in the Overland Campaign but were stopped at Spotsylvania Courthouse. Over the next two weeks, a number of battles occurred, resulting in 30,000 total casualties. The results were inconclusive, but Grant was able to continue his march to Richmond. Overland Campaign, May 31-June 12, 1864 The Union Army under Grant continued to make their advance in the Overland Campaign. They made headway to Cold Harbor. However, on June 2, both armies were on the field of battle stretching seven miles. Grant ordered an attack that resulted in a rout for his men. He eventually left the field of battle, choosing to approach Richmond through the less well-defended town of  Petersburg. This was a Confederate victory. Battle of  Deep Bottom, August 13-20, 1864 The Union Army crossed the James River at Deep Bottom to start threatening Richmond. They were unsuccessful, however, as Confederate counterattacks drove them out. They eventually retreated back to the other side of the James River. Battle of Appomattox Court House, April 9, 1865 General Robert E. Lee attempted at Appomattox Court House to escape the Union troops and head towards Lynchburg, where supplies were waiting. However, Union reinforcements made this impossible. Lee surrendered to Grant.

Soft Systems Methodology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Soft Systems Methodology - Essay Example This action research-based, interpretive approach is strongly influenced by Vickers' (1968, pp.59,176) description of the importance of appreciative systems in dealing with human complexity. Checkland (1981), and Checkland and Scholes (1990) have attempted to transform these ideas from systems theory into a practical methodology that is called Soft Systems Methodology (SSM). Soft Systems Methodology developed by Professor Peter Checkland is a way of dealing with problem situations in which there is a high social, political and human activity component. (Checkland, 1981) This distinguishes SSM from other methodologies that deal with hard problems which are more technologically oriented. Thus, SSM can be a useful research tool for understanding problematic ELT situations. (Holliday, 1990) Hard problems are problems characterized by the fact that they can be well defined. The assumption is that there is a definite solution and we can define a number of specific goals that must be accomplished. Soft problems, on the other hand, are difficult to define.When we think of soft problems, we don't think of problems but of problem situations. It is the classic situation of it not being a "problem" but an "opportunity". Soft Systems methodology was developed for the express purpose of dealing with problems of this type.His "Soft Systems Methodology" was created through a number of research projects in industry and its application and refinement over a number of years. A leading SSM specialist in Japan, suggests that SSM can be a useful research tool in the educational context, and argues that it can be applied to any messy, problematic human situation that requires decision-making aimed at improvement (Kijima, 1999) The most important feature of this analysis of data, informat ion and knowledge is that the act of creating information is a human act, not one which a machine can accomplish. It is the human being who can attribute meaning to the selected data. (Checkland, Holwell, 1998)SSM is divided into seven distinct stages. These are; 1. Finding out about the problem situation. This is basic research into the problem area. Who are the key players How does the process work now etc. 2. Expressing the problem situation through Rich Pictures. As with any type of diagram, more knowledge can be communicated visually. A picture is worth a 1000 words. 3. Selecting how to view the situation and producing root definitions. From what different perspectives can we look at this problem situation. 4. Building conceptual models of what the system must do for each root definitions. You have basic "Whats" from the root definitions. Now begin to define "Hows". 5. Comparison of the conceptual models with the real world. Compare the results from steps 4 and 2 and see where they differ and are similar. 6. Identify feasible and desirable changes. Are there ways of improving the situation. 7. Recommendations for taking action to improve the problem situation. How would you implement the changes from step 6. Step 1: Problem situation unstructured The initial stage consists simply of managers and/or employees (problem owner) deciding that a review or change of tasks and the way they are performed is required, and an analyst (problem solver) is called in to review and provide recommendations. Step 2: Problem situation expressed Step 1 is basically that people of the organization think there

Asian Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Asian Philosophy - Essay Example Even though his writing is not to a certain extent vibrant and colorful that of Zhuangzi, his approach is much well-designed and powerful, sometimes bursting into poetry that influentially expresses his infatuation for the Confucian way of life (ibid). A great part of Xunzi’s attempt is committed to passionately defending Confucianism against different challenges. For instance, he fervently expresses disapproval of Mozi’s denouncement of ritual and music and claims forcefully that these cultural types are completely indispensable. He also rejects Laozi and Zhuangzi for supporting that people accept the perspective of Heaven and leave out traditional virtues in favor of submitting to the natural torrent of things (Ivanhoe, 2001). For Xunzi, the hazards to Confucianism originate not merely external to the tradition, but as well as from within it, in the appearance of Mengzi’s principle that human nature is good. In Xunzi’s judgment, such an argument weakens the power of ritual as a practical guideline to behavior, ruins the essentiality of acquiring knowledge, and merely flies in front of the facts. Xunzi makes the contradictory assertion that human nature is bad, but this should not be interpreted as claiming that people in nature take pleasure in evil deeds (ibid). Rather, his emphasis is that people lack any innate path to right behavior and conduct, and that without the outside control of ritual they will resort into bad behavior and be reduced to a disordered, impoverished condition strongly suggestive of the state of nature portrayed by Thomas Hobbes (Ivanhoe, 2001). On the other hand, Mengzi contends that humans have a nature, which they should go after. Indeed, he contradicts Xunzi’s philosophy for suggesting that ethical nurturing must integrate transgressing one’s nature. Nevertheless, Mengzi argues against the idea that there are developing righteous predispositions in

Panama Canal Essay -- American History

In 1885, due to the tremendous problems encountered in trying to excavate a sea-level canal, the plan was changed to include a single, temporary lock and other adjustments in order to speed up the availability of the canal for traffic. Still, it was of no use : in 1889, Lesseps' company was liquidated in order to pay back investors and banks from which the company had borrowed. The appraisal of the company's belongings - including equipment, maps, and the value of the land already excavated - was very high, and in 1894, a new company, the Compagnie Nouvelle du Canal de Panama, was created in France to attempt to finish the canal. All involved thought of this as an impossible feat by the French, and ideas ran strong to sell the canal zone - possibly to the United States. France resented the loss of millions of francs (the estimated cost of the company's pursuit of the canal, including publicity and possibly a little bribery, is almost 1.5 billion francs), and subsequent trials of the heads of Lesseps' company, including Lesseps himself, began in 1893. Lesseps was condemned by the court, but never fined nor jailed. Charles de Lesseps, Ferdinand's son, and others were eventually charged with bribery, only one being sent to prison. Charles was forced to pay the fine of another defendant, but could not raise the money so fled to London until his government accepted a partial payment, nearly 5 years later. France had determined that she could not possibly complete the canal. With a lease on land in Colombia until 1903, the search was on for a buyer. Eventually, France found a friend in the United States of America. At the time, a canal in the Latin American isthmus was not a new idea to America, either. In 1887, the government sent ... ...he Hay-Bunau-Varilla treaty - which was ratified by the new Panamanian Government in 1903, and by the American Senate in early 1904. Before any work could begin, the most deadly of the problems on the isthmus had to be overcome - disease. The government wasn't going to allow mortality rates like had been seen during the French reign - somewhere between ten and twenty thousand were estimated to have died at the canal zone between 1882 and 1888. For this purpose, American doctor William Gorgas was called to examine the area. The most troublesome diseases were the mosquito-carried malaria and yellow fever - the same diseases that had kept Napoleon Bonaparte from putting down the uprising in Hati in 1801 - but almost all diseases known to man were endemic. Tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria, smallpox, bubonic plague - all were cases on file at Panama hospitals in 1904. Panama Canal Essay -- American History In 1885, due to the tremendous problems encountered in trying to excavate a sea-level canal, the plan was changed to include a single, temporary lock and other adjustments in order to speed up the availability of the canal for traffic. Still, it was of no use : in 1889, Lesseps' company was liquidated in order to pay back investors and banks from which the company had borrowed. The appraisal of the company's belongings - including equipment, maps, and the value of the land already excavated - was very high, and in 1894, a new company, the Compagnie Nouvelle du Canal de Panama, was created in France to attempt to finish the canal. All involved thought of this as an impossible feat by the French, and ideas ran strong to sell the canal zone - possibly to the United States. France resented the loss of millions of francs (the estimated cost of the company's pursuit of the canal, including publicity and possibly a little bribery, is almost 1.5 billion francs), and subsequent trials of the heads of Lesseps' company, including Lesseps himself, began in 1893. Lesseps was condemned by the court, but never fined nor jailed. Charles de Lesseps, Ferdinand's son, and others were eventually charged with bribery, only one being sent to prison. Charles was forced to pay the fine of another defendant, but could not raise the money so fled to London until his government accepted a partial payment, nearly 5 years later. France had determined that she could not possibly complete the canal. With a lease on land in Colombia until 1903, the search was on for a buyer. Eventually, France found a friend in the United States of America. At the time, a canal in the Latin American isthmus was not a new idea to America, either. In 1887, the government sent ... ...he Hay-Bunau-Varilla treaty - which was ratified by the new Panamanian Government in 1903, and by the American Senate in early 1904. Before any work could begin, the most deadly of the problems on the isthmus had to be overcome - disease. The government wasn't going to allow mortality rates like had been seen during the French reign - somewhere between ten and twenty thousand were estimated to have died at the canal zone between 1882 and 1888. For this purpose, American doctor William Gorgas was called to examine the area. The most troublesome diseases were the mosquito-carried malaria and yellow fever - the same diseases that had kept Napoleon Bonaparte from putting down the uprising in Hati in 1801 - but almost all diseases known to man were endemic. Tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria, smallpox, bubonic plague - all were cases on file at Panama hospitals in 1904.

Personality Type Assessment

Personality Type Assessment (Week-2 Individual Assignment) CMGT/530 – IT Organizational Behavior July 1, 2012 Personality Type Assessment The first section of this paper details the elements that a personality type assessment typically measures. The second section contains discussion on the personality type assessment of the author of this paper. In the third and last section, the author shares how his personal assessment outcomes could affect his work relationships with his colleagues. Elements of Personality Type AssessmentA personality profile assessment is typically an objective test where an individual gives yes or no responses to a series of systematic and deeply constructed behavioral and situational questions. These objective questions at a fundamental level assesses the individual's cognitive mental process and orientations and based on the responses classifies the individual into one of the several personality types. Each of these personality types is associated with different sets of possible behaviors and tendencies that the individuals are most likely to exhibit.This classification of personality types is by a personality inventory framework called the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), created by Isabel Briggs Myers after extensive testing and research on the theory of psychological types introduced in the 1920s by Carl G. Jung. At the basic level, the MBTI differentiates people's cognitive functions in four ways, as defined by four mutually exclusive pairs of the dominant or likely mental preferences, and the combinations of these four pairs lead to a set of 16 personality types (MBTItoday. rg, n. d. ). The first pair of preferences, extroversion (E) and introversion (I), is for mental energy orientation. The extroverted individuals are expressive, assertive, outgoing, sociable, and draw their mental energy from the interactions with the outside world. The introverted individuals are reflective, reserved, quiet, and draw their mental ener gy from the dwelling in the inner world of thoughts and ideas (Center for Applications of Psychological Type, 2012).The second pair of preferences, sensing(S) and intuition (N), is for irrational mental cognitive process related to perception and receipt of information. The individuals with dominant sensing perception live in the present moment and are practical. They prefer simplicity, clarity, routine, and order in their daily lives. The individuals with dominant intuition perception are inspired by creativity and innovation, and imagine the possibilities for future. They are drawn to the big picture and abstract theoretical concepts (Center for Applications of Psychological Type, 2012).The third pair of preferences, thinking (T) and feeling (F), is for rational mental cognitive processes of forming judgments and making decisions. The individuals who primarily rely on their thinking for forming judgments are objective, analytical, and logical. They use logic, reason, and cause-eff ect analysis to handle any problems and tasks they face for achieving results. The individuals who primarily rely on their feelings for forming judgments rely on their personal emotions and value system.They are concerned about impact of their actions and decisions on other people (Center for Applications of Psychological Type, 2012). The fourth pair of preferences, judging (J) and perceiving (P), is for mental orientation while dealing with outside world. The individuals who prefer judging rely on the rational cognitive functions of thinking or feeling. They prefer the world around them to be structured, organized, and orderly. The individuals who prefer perceiving rely on the irrational cognitive functions of sensing and intuition.They typically are open, spontaneous, and flexible; and look forward to experiencing the world in its natural state (Center for Applications of Psychological Type, 2012). Personality Type Self-Assessment The writer used Jung typology test to complete the self assessment of his personal style and the results indicated that the writer belongs to personality type ISFP; that means the writer prefers introversion over extroversion, sensing over intuition, feeling over thinking, and perceiving over judging (HumanMetrics, 2012).The writer found himself taking the assessment test few more times to confirm the derived results. According to personality inventory of MBTI and the Myers and Briggs Foundation (n. d. ), the individuals with personality type of ISFP have tendency to seek a peaceful, easygoing life with a â€Å"live and let live† philosophy. They tend to enjoy life as it comes and define their own pace. They tend to be quiet, caring, considerate, and have a pleasant demeanor. They tend to be very devoted to their family and friends, and have a strong set of values that they cherish.They tend to dislike conflicts, disagreements, and imposing of their opinions on others (Myers and Briggs Foundation, n. d. a). After looking at the results, the writer understood some of his own tendencies and consoled himself that he did not have to good at everything. He opined that the knowledge of these personality types can help in developing a deeper understanding of people around him. Also while taking the assessment, for some of the questions the writer was forced to choose yes or no when he believed the answer was neither, and there were no in-between options to choose from.So the writer agrees with Robbins & Judge (2011) that the problem with these assessment tests is that they force a person into one type or another. According to Mccaulley (1990) every person uses all eight processes (E, I, S, N, T, F, J, and P) but intrinsically prefers one of each opposite pair. In the normal course of life, people develop preferences by doing what comes most naturally. As they grow older and wiser, they develop as well as use more of the lesser preferred processes (Mccaulley, 1990).Reflecting back on his life, the writer agree s the personality type ISFP correctly indicates his default tendencies. Moreover, the writer also believes that over the years he has developed more shades to his personality and has become more balanced. Effect of Personal Assessment The assessment provided an opportunity for the writer to do some self-introspection and become more aware of self. Also the knowledge and understanding of 16 distinctive personality types helped the writer to appreciate others possessing different personality types.When employees can understand their type preferences, they can approach their work in a manner that best suits their style, including managing their time, problem solving, best approaches to decision making, and dealing with stress (Myers and Briggs Foundation, n. d. b) . The writer could analyze better the good and not-so-good relations he has experienced with his prior bosses and colleagues. The personality type assessment also helped the writer to reexamine his behavior with prior colleag ues and identify the scope for improving relationships with his colleagues at the workplace.As a software development manager in a leading health care organization, the writer will make use of the new understanding of his own personality to improve upon his managerial functions and his handling of the different situations. These functions includes managing others, developing leadership skills, organizing tasks, creating teams, training for management as well as staff, conflict resolution, motivation, coaching, diversity, recognition as well as rewards, and change management (Myers and Briggs Foundation, n. d. b) . References Center for Applications of Psychological Type. 2012). Mbti overview. Retrieved from http://www. capt. org/mbti-assessment/mbti-overview. htm HumanMetrics. (2012). Jung typology test. Retrieved from http://www. humanmetrics. com/cgi-win/jtypes1. htm MBTItoday. org. (n. d. ). History of the myers briggs type indicator. Retrieved from http://mbtitoday. org/about-th e-mbti-indicator/a-mini-history-of-the-myers-briggs-type-indicator/ Mccaulley, M. H. (1990). The myers-briggs type indicator: a measure for individuals.. Measurement & Evaluation In Counseling & Development (American Counseling Association), 22(4), 181.Retrieved from https://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=true&db=f5h&AN=9705111082&site=eds-live Myers and Briggs Foundation. (n. d a). The 16 mbti types. Retrieved from http://www. myersbriggs. org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/the-16-mbti-types. asp#ISFP Myers and Briggs Foundation. (n. d. b). Mbti type at work. Retrieved from http://www. myersbriggs. org/type-use-for-everyday-life/mbti-type-at-work/ Robbins, S. P. , & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organization behavior (14th ed. ). New York, NY: Prentice Hall.